Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of the Silver Ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

doi: 10.1128/aem.02001-07

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 1. Viable counts (mean standard error) of Staphylococcus aureus (a) and Escherichia coli (b) bacteria after washing bacteria- contaminated textile pieces using silver and conventional laundry ma- chines with (W/) or without (W/O) detergent. Each group contained three pieces of test textiles. Inoculum, preinoculation bacterial count; Ag, result for silver laundry machine (Samsung); Conventional, result for conventional laundry machine (Samsung). Significant differences (P 0.05) in viable counts of each bacteria between the silver and conventional laundry machines are denoted with asterisks.

Article Snippet: S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922 were used in this study.

Techniques: Bacteria

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of the Silver Ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

doi: 10.1128/aem.02001-07

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 2. The effect of the silver ion solution on Staphylococcus au- reus (a) and Escherichia coli (b) was investigated by conventional plate counting. The tested silver ion concentrations were 0.2 ppm, 0.1 ppm, and 0.05 ppm, and PBS was used as a control.

Article Snippet: S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922 were used in this study.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of the Silver Ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

doi: 10.1128/aem.02001-07

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 4. Representative dot plot profiles of Escherichia coli cells treated with PBS (c, e, and g) or silver ion solution (0.2 ppm) (Tx; d, f, and h) for 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h analyzed by FC after staining with SYTO 9 and PI. For controls, suspensions of fresh live (untreated) (a) and dead (70% isopropyl alcohol-treated) (b) cells were analyzed. The quadrants show the division between live cells in gate 1 (a; R1-green) and damaged or dead cells in gate 2 (b; R2-red) with the relative frequencies of cells in each gate before treatment with PBS or silver ion solution. All the profiles were analyzed with gates placed on 1 and 2. SSC-H, side-scatter height.

Article Snippet: S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922 were used in this study.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of the Silver Ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

doi: 10.1128/aem.02001-07

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 5. Comparative analysis of the antibacterial efficacy of the silver ion solution (0.2 ppm) against Staphylococcus aureus (a) and Escherichia coli (b) bacteria as determined using the conventional plate count method and FC analysis. PBS was used as a control. Antibacterial efficacy was calculated using the following formula: antibacterial efficacy [(A B)/A] 100, where A is the preinoculation bacterial count (CFU/ml) and B is the bacterial count after treatment with silver ion solution or PBS (CFU/ml).

Article Snippet: S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922 were used in this study.

Techniques: Bacteria, Control

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of the Silver Ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

doi: 10.1128/aem.02001-07

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 8. External morphology of unstained Escherichia coli ob- served by TEM. (a) Untreated bacteria. An arrow and an arrowhead indicate fimbriae and a flagellum, respectively. (b, c, and d) Bacteria treated with silver ion solution (0.2 ppm).

Article Snippet: S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922 were used in this study.

Techniques: Bacteria

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of the Silver Ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

doi: 10.1128/aem.02001-07

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 9. Internal structure of Escherichia coli observed by TEM. (a and b) Untreated bacteria. (c and d) Bacteria treated with silver ion solution (0.2 ppm). Arrows indicate outer membrane, peptidoglycan layer, and cytoplasmic membrane from the outside of the cell. Arrow- heads indicate separation of the cell membrane from the cell wall.

Article Snippet: S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922 were used in this study.

Techniques: Bacteria, Membrane

Journal: Immunity

Article Title: Caspase-8 Collaborates with Caspase-11 to Drive Tissue Damage and Execution of Endotoxic Shock

doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.06.011

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A–B) Kaplan-Meier survival plot (left) and body temperature plot (right) over time (hpc) in LPS-challenged WT (n=19), Ripk3−/− (n=15), Casp8+/−Ripk3−/− (n=8), Casp8−/−Ripk3−/− (n=26) and Casp11−/− (n=11) mice (A) or WT (n=6), Ifnar1−/− (n=8) and Irf3−/− (n=5) mice (B). (C) Kaplan-Meier survival plot for WT (n=6), littermate Casp8+/−Ripk3−/− (n=6) and Casp8−/−Ripk3−/− (n=7) as well as Casp11−/− mice (n=6) given a poly(I:C) prime (4 mg/kg) followed 6 h later with low dose LPS challenge (5 mg/kg). (D) Kaplan-Meier survival plot for WT (n=19), littermate Casp8+/−Ripk3−/− (n=20) and Casp8−/−Ripk3−/− (n=15) mice over time, h post infection (hpi) with E. coli (ATCC 25922). Groups here included balanced numbers of male and female animals. Statistical comparisons (to WT) was by Log-Rank (Mantel-Cox) test (* p<0.05; ** p<0.01). Please also see Figure S1.

Article Snippet: These data reveal a crucial requirement for Casp8 in TLR4-dependent endotoxemia beyond the recognized role of the type I IFN-Casp11-Gsdmd axis ( Kayagaki et al., 2015 ; Kayagaki et al., 2011 ). fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Figure 1 caption a7 caption a8 Casp8 drives endotoxic shock (A–B) Kaplan-Meier survival plot (left) and body temperature plot (right) over time (hpc) in LPS-challenged WT (n=19), Ripk3 −/− (n=15), Casp8 +/− Ripk3 −/− (n=8), Casp8 −/− Ripk3 −/− (n=26) and Casp11 −/− (n=11) mice (A) or WT (n=6), Ifnar1 −/− (n=8) and Irf3 −/− (n=5) mice (B). (C) Kaplan-Meier survival plot for WT (n=6), littermate Casp8 +/− Ripk3 −/− (n=6) and Casp8 −/− Ripk3 −/− (n=7) as well as Casp11 −/− mice (n=6) given a poly(I:C) prime (4 mg/kg) followed 6 h later with low dose LPS challenge (5 mg/kg). (D) Kaplan-Meier survival plot for WT (n=19), littermate Casp8 +/− Ripk3 −/− (n=20) and Casp8 −/− Ripk3 −/− (n=15) mice over time, h post infection (hpi) with E. coli (ATCC 25922).

Techniques: Infection